https://publichealth.medresearch.in/index.php/ijphr <p style="text-align: left;"><em><strong>ISSN: <a href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/2349-4166" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2349-4166 (Online)</a>, <a href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/2349-4158" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2349-4158 (Print)</a></strong></em></p> Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society en-US Public Health Review: International Journal of Public Health Research 2349-4158 https://publichealth.medresearch.in/index.php/ijphr/article/view/180 <p>Questionnaire is the most commonly used instrument for data collection, especially in quantitative bio-medical research. Post-graduates in medical schools in India, generally are well aware of significance and techniques of sampling including calculation of sample size. However, development of questionnaire as an instrument for data collection has remained backstage. &nbsp;The article discusses the concept, scope and techniques for testing validity and reliability of questionnaires as measurement tools in biomedical research. &nbsp;</p> Varun Mohan Malhotra Aishwarya Kapoor Rashpreet Kaur Copyright (c) 2022 Author (s). Published by Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2022-12-09 2022-12-09 9 3 12 16 https://publichealth.medresearch.in/index.php/ijphr/article/view/179 <p>Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected different immigrant groups.The increase in health risk factors in times of COVID-19 has been under-researched, among theimmigrant population of Australia. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate changes in healthbehaviors during COVID-19 in South Asian Australian immigrants. Methods: An 2020 and March 2tobacco and alcohol consumption, internet,and board games use for recreation.Result: Most immigrants (40.7%) reported an increase inalcohol consumption while only 5.3% reported a decrease. Tobacco use increased by 38.5 % whiledecreased by 3.5%. The increase in watching television (66.8%) and internet use for recreation(73.9%) were also noticeable. Physical inactivity increased in 41.1% of the participants anddecreased in 32.4%. Participants from the high-income group were significantly associated with anincrease in physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, and playing video games (p&lt;0.005). Conclusions: Longitudinal tracking is required to understand the effect of these changes in healthbehaviors and their health consequences in the immigrant population of Australia</p> Mehwish Nisar Tracy L Kolbe Alexander Asaduzzaman Khan Copyright (c) 2022 Author (s). Published by Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2022-07-12 2022-07-12 9 3 7 11