Good diet is an important part of leading a healthy lifestyle. Combined with physical activity, diet can help to reach and maintain a healthy weight and promote your overall health. CoViD-19, is a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In December 2019 from Huanan seafood market Wuhan City of Hubei, Province of China SARS-CoV-2 transit from animals to humans, and spread to the rest of the world [1 ]. On the 30 January 2020, due to the growing infection rates at Chinese and international locations the WHO Emergency Committee declared a global health emergency [2].

In India, in the state of Kerala on 30 January 2020 the first confirmed COVID-19 case was reported (WHO 2020a) and 22 new cases were recognized on 4 March 2020 due to spread to the other parts of the country. On 12 March 2020, the COVID-19 first death was reported in India (WHO 2020a). On 22 March 2020, prime minister of India announced 14 hours’ public curfew. To handle the worsening of pandemic in country on 24 March 2020, the prime minister suddenly ordered a complete nationwide lockdown for 21 days (https://www.mha.gov.in/). During the sudden lockdown in India, all places of public gatherings such as schools, cinemas, restaurants, shopping complexes, higher educational institutions were closed. To avoid crowds and control the spread of CoViD19 employees and students were being asked to work from home. All types of transportation services, including rail, road and air, were suspended with exceptions for essential services were closed.

In particular, after almost 4 months of lockdown, India is the third world’s worst-affected country in the CoViD-19 pandemic [4]. Due to sudden lockdown various changes has occurred in the habits and lifestyles of the public, with a complete reduction of any form of socialization. Physical distancing and self-isolation strongly impacted people lives, affecting in particular eating habits and everyday behaviors.

Further, the disturbance of the routine work caused by the lockdown could result in monotonous life style that leads to consumption of higher calories [6]. Moreover watching television and reading social media news of adverse situation due to lockdown leading increases stress and consecutively increases overeating of readily available food that rich in sugar such as chocolates and biscuits [7,8].

Objective of the Survey: This survey research study aimed to assess the impact of lockdown on individuals’ daily habits such as sleep/got up, social media use, work from home and more selected variables. It was also intended to measure the adjustment made by people about the crisis and how they are maintaining their daily routine.

Study Method: Questionnaire (Online)

Sampling technique: Probability sampling-Simple random sampling

Sample Size: 100 Study population

Ethical Permission: Informed all participants about the survey study to be used for publishing

Study tool: A self-prepared semi structured anonymous questionnaire was used to record the responses of participants. The questionnaire was prepared after the literature review, focus group discussion and current news information in consultation with experts from different fields to check relevance and make necessary changes according to our study requirements

Participants have presented their response in order to compare their overall health before and during pandemics. Few participants (2) said that their overall health downgrades due to pandemics, while most of participants (24) agreed their physical health became poor rather than good or fair.

The sleeping of the participants also disturbed during pandemic.

Figure 4: (A) Changes in weight (B) Sense of hunger and satiety (C) Physical activity (D) Alcohol consumption (E) Water drinking (F) Meal/ Snacks skipping response during pandemic

Participants monitored their weight during pandemic and 11% said they had put weight while 26% participants agreed to put so much weight. Weight gaining issue during pandemic was observed by several people.

Among 100 participants 58% females and 42% males taken part. 10% and 24% participants reported that they are facing under or over weight problem respectively.

Food use in everyday life by participants during pandemic is listed in figure 9.

Table 1: Participants from Different state

Table 2: Participants from Different Occupation

Table-3: Symptoms experienced by the participants during COVID-19 pandemic.

Table-7: Changed way of food preparation at home by the participants during the lockdown. 

Statistical analyses

Data are represented as number and percentage in parentheses (%) for categorical variables, or median and interquartile range in square brackets [IQR] for continuous variables. Te Shapiro–Wilk test was performed in order to evaluate variables distribution. All the variables had skewed distribution. Te Spearman correlation coeffcient was calculated in order to evaluate the correlation between continuous variables. Chi square test was employed to assess the association between categorical variables while McNeman analysis was used to investigate the diference between categorical variables pre and during the COVID-19 emergency.

Participants: After collecting all the response and data from the online-survey were concluded and analyzed.

In average 32 participants mental health was very good before lockdown, however 32 participants also have good mental health during the lockdown. In overall study of mental health of the participants seems to be become poor during the lockdown this is may be due to monotonous lifestyle.

Sleeping Habits

The sleeping time (Fig.3-A) of 70% participants was average of 5-8hrs before lockdown. But during lockdown 31% participant sleeping hours increase more than 8hrs. This may be because most of the participant in this study population are teacher and students, due to lockdown office and education institute are closed thus due to less workload people get more time to sleep.

Smoking Habits

It was observed that the smoking habit in this study population is very less on most of them are non-smoker. The pandemic situation makes people more health aware and smoker become non-smoker during this lockdown (Fig. 3-B) and around 90% are become non-smoker during lockdown.

Overall Lifestyle Study: Food Habit, Body Weight, Physical Activities

In Fig. 4 (A) the weight gain of the participants were studies. It was observed that 33% participant loss weight during the lockdown, 30% participant does not lose or gain weight, only 11% participant gain weight. It might be because the people eat homemade healthy food thus most of them either loss weight or weight remain same.

In the study of Sense of hunger and satiety in Fig. 4 (B), 46% participant observed no change, 30% participant observed less appetite. This might be because the food and meal were taken in time thus they do not observe any change. Only 20% observed more appetite, might be those people stay outside and due to lockdown came to home and thus homemade food be more delicious to them. In the study of physical activities during the lockdown in Fig. 4(C), it was observed a discrete distribution of date where 28% participant do physical activities everyday and the same 28% of participant do physical activities few times in a week. In contrast 22% of participants rarely or never do physical activities. However, 12% and 10% do physical activities few times or once in a week respectively. This discrete data was observed may be because the age group of the participant are variety in nature.

Cereals/grain and Fresh fruit/vegetables consumption during lockdown

The study on the bakery food item such as bread/buns in Fig. 6 (A), as the available was less thus it was observed that 51% people consumption decreases, 30% show no changes where as 18% participants consumption increases.

The study on the Cereals food item such as rice, wheat, barley etc. in Fig. 6 (B), as the available was more and people have stock in their home thus 54% the consumption increases. Whereas, 30% observed no changes and only 13% consumption reduces. The study on the fresh vegetables in Fig. 6 (C), 57% participant’s consumption increases, 20% consumption decreases, where as 23% observed no change. Similar response observed in the study of fruit intake in Fig. 6 (D), 52% participant’s consumption increases, 17% consumption decreases, where as 31% observed no change.

Craving, Leftover food, Food order consumption response during pandemics

The participant’s food craving was studied in Fig. 7 (A), it was observed 40% people feel craving for food sometimes, 27% feel often and 10% feel occasionally. However, 17% people not at all feel any craving for food and 6% always feel craving for food. Although craving for food when the availability is less is quite common, but in this crisis fulfilling the cravenness is a challenge for many. The study on the Leftover food eating habit in Fig. 7 (B), 44% participants in the habit of eating leftover food sometimes, 21% and 20% eat leftover food occasionally and often respectively. Whereas, 15% participant always in the habit of eating leftover food.

Food order consumption response during pandemics was studied in Fig. 7 (C), as all the food order services was restricted due to lockdown thus 75% participants never order food from outside, 13% and 10% order food from outside occasionally and sometimes respectively. Whereas, only 2% participant always in the habit of ordering food from outside, might be because there are no other option available for them.

Eating habit, Food quality, Weight of the participants during pandemic recorded

The eating habit of the participants was studied in Fig. 8 (A); it was observed 47% eating habit improves during lockdown, 29% says that their eating habit become worse.

The study pastries made by the participants in Fig. 9 (G). It was observed 57% make less homemade pastries, 39% observed no changes and 4% it increases. This might be because less availability of ingredient. Similar response observed in homemade piazza Fig. 9 (H); it was observed 55% less consumption of homemade piazza, 38% observed no changes and only 7% it increases.

Total 100 people from 16 different states has taken participated given the answer from 31 different questions and shared their pandemics experience regarding diet and health issue. The overall health was categorized into physical and mental health in that participants share their response based upon before and during pandemic situation. It was noticed that participated life quality and mental health response was not so good during pandemics, where as participants order less food from outside and almost stop going out. This condition leads to develop mental health issue to few participant and they didn't feel good about it.

In few cases the sleeping nature also observed disturbed, while few participants getting anxiety and stress during pandemic. Few participates crave for non vegetarian food item more since it was not easily available. Few participants observe their eating habit changed and not feeling to eating as usual, while most of people still skipping their food routine. These patterns indicated that the diet of many participants has changed or disturb due to pandemics that affects their overall heath including mental health. One good thing was notice participant having food with the family and eating homemade food during pandemics.

The existing knowledge includes the study done in Italy on the lifestyle of European people. But the present study is done Indian people, that highlight the uncertain lockdown affect on Indian people lifestyle. The food habit and food preparing pattern of Asian people is quite different then European people. In India the COVID scenario is far more different than other countries as reporting a first COVID19 case Govt. certainly announce complete lockdown that leads a huge problem for daily worker. As a result, lots of people lost job and consequently leading an economic and mental crisis.