Secular trends of hospitalization and in-hospital mortality rates of Q-wave and Non-Q-wave myocardial infarction in US: 1990-2006
Keywords:
Acute myocardial infarction, Q-wave Myocardial Infarction, Non-Q-wave Myocardial Infarction, Diabetes Mellitus, PCI, Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Abstract
Background: Q-wave and non-Q-wave electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG) findings are proving to be significant prognostic factors for Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) as corroborated from previous studies has implications in patient care.
Objective: To document secular changes in proportion of Q-wave myocardial infarction (QWMI) and NQWMI hospitalizations from 1990-2006 and its correlation with changes in demographics and co-morbidities like diabetes mellitus, hypertension and shock, cardiac interventions like PCI and CABG and to investigate change in risk of QWMI and NQWMI death rates from 1990 to 2006.
Methods: Trend analysis of QWMI and NQWMI hospitalizations and in-hospital death rates from 1990-2006 of 1,22,841 patients aged ≥35 years admitted for AMI of National Hospital Discharge Survey population-based sample. Trends of QWMI and NQWMI hospitalization and death rates, procedure rates and risk of death from QWMI and NQWMI were documented.
Results: The hospitalization rate of QWMI patients decreased from 56 for 100 AMI in 1990 and 92 to 27 for 100 AMI in 2003 and 2006, while hospitalization of NQWMI patients increased from 25 for 100 to 56 for100 AMI. There was increasing trend in PCI procedure rates in both QWMI and NQWMI patients while the trend for CABG procedure rates remained flat in QWMI patients compared to slightly decreasing trends in NQWMI.
Conclusions: The increasing trends of NQWMI is in concurrence with increasing trends of diabetes mellitus and hypertension in the population, changes in the diagnostic criteria of AMI and evolution of new treatment patterns of PCI.
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References
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29. Vaughan DE. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and the calculus of mortality after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2003 Jul 29;108(4):376-7.
30. Apple FS, Wu AH. Myocardial infarction redefined: role of cardiac troponin testing. Clinical Chemistry. 2001 Mar 1;47(3):377-9.
31. Cina VG, Gök K, Kaptanoǧlu B. The prognostic value of serum troponin T in unstable angina. International journal of cardiology. 1996 Mar 31;53(3):237-44.
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36. Goldberg RJ, Spencer FA, Okolo J, Lessard D, Yarzebski J, Gore JM. Long-term trends in the use of coronary reperfusion strategies in acute myocardial infarction: a community-wide perspective. Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis. 2007 Jun 1;23(3):163-71.
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39. Go AS, Iribarren C, Chandra M, Lathon PV, Fortmann SP, Quertermous T, Hlatky MA. Statin and β-blocker therapy and the initial presentation of coronary heart disease. Annals of internal medicine. 2006 Feb 21;144(4):229-38.
40. Avezum A, Makdisse M, Spencer F, Gore JM, Fox KA, Montalescot G, Eagle KA, White K, Mehta RH, Knobel E, Collet JP. Impact of age on management and outcome of acute coronary syndrome: observations from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE). American heart journal. 2005 Jan 31;149(1):67-73.
41. Mokdad AH, Bowman BA, Ford ES, Vinicor F, Marks JS, Koplan JP. The continuing epidemics of obesity and diabetes in the United States. Jama. 2001 Sep 12;286(10):1195-200.
42. Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, Dans T, Avezum A, Lanas F, McQueen M, Budaj A, Pais P, Varigos J, Lisheng L. Investigators IS. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004;364(9438):937-52.
43. Mehta RH, Roe MT, Chen AY, Lytle BL, Pollack CV, Brindis RG, Smith SC, Harrington RA, Fintel D, Fraulo ES, Califf RM. Recent trends in the care of patients with non–ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: insights from the CRUSADE initiative. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2006 Oct 9;166(18):2027-34.
44. Margolis JR, Kannel WB, Feinleib M, Dawber TR, McNamara PM. Clinical features of unrecognized myocardial infarction—silent and symptomatic: eighteen year follow-up: the Framingham study. The American journal of cardiology. 1973 Jul 31;32(1):1-7.
45. Kwong RY, Sattar H, Wu H, Vorobiof G, Gandla V, Steel K, Siu S, Brown KA. Incidence and prognostic implication of unrecognized myocardial scar characterized by cardiac magnetic resonance in diabetic patients without clinical evidence of myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2008 Sep 2;118(10):1011-20.
46. Day JC. Population projections of the United States, by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin: 1992 to 2050. US Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, Bureau of the Census; 1992.
2. Druss BG, Marcus SC, Olfson M, Tanielian T, Elinson L, Pincus HA. Comparing the national economic burden of five chronic conditions. Health Affairs. 2001 Nov 1;20(6):233-41.
3. Moon JC, De Arenaza DP, Elkington AG, Taneja AK, John AS, Wang D, Janardhanan R, Senior R, Lahiri A, Poole-Wilson PA, Pennell DJ. The pathologic basis of Q-wave and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2004 Aug 4;44(3):554-60.
4. Liebson PR, Klein LW. The non-Q wave myocardial infarction revisited: 10 years later. Progress in cardiovascular diseases. 1997 Apr 30;39(5):399-444.
5. Moreno P, Schocken DD. Non-Q wave myocardial infarction: Pathophysiology and prognostic implications. Chest. 1984 Dec 31;86(6):905-9.
6. Montague TJ, MacKenzie BR, Henderson MA, Macdonald RG, Forbes CJ, Chandler BM. Acute non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: a distinct clinical entity of increasing importance. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal. 1988 Sep 15;139(6):487.
7. Furman MI, Dauerman HL, Goldberg RJ, Yarzbeski J, Lessard D, Gore JM. Twenty-two year (1975 to 1997) trends in the incidence, in-hospital and long-term case fatality rates from initial Q-wave and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: a multi-hospital, community-wide perspective. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2001 May 1;37(6):1571-80.
8. Parikh NI, Gona P, Larson MG, Fox CS, Benjamin EJ, Murabito JM, O'Donnell CJ, Vasan RS, Levy D. Long-term trends in myocardial infarction incidence and case fatality in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart study. Circulation. 2009 Mar 10;119(9):1203-10.
9. Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Grodstein F, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, Willett WC. Trends in the incidence of coronary heart disease and changes in diet and lifestyle in women. New England Journal of Medicine. 2000 Aug 24;343(8):530-7.
10. Arciero TJ, Jacobsen SJ, Reeder GS, Frye RL, Weston SA, Killian JM. Temporal trends in the incidence of coronary disease. The American journal of medicine. 2004 Aug 15;117(4):228-33.
11. National Center for Health Statistics. Public Use Data Files: 1990-2006 National Hospital Discharge Survey, The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Hyattsville, MD: Division of Health Care Statistics Hospital Care Statistics Branch 6525 Belcrest Road, Room 956 Hyattsville, MD 20782
12. National Hospital Discharge Survey Description. [cited; Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/hdasd/nhdsdes.htm.
13. Vital and Health Statistics. Design and operation of the NHDS:1988 Redesign; Series 1:Programs and Collection Procedures No. 39, in US Department of Health and Human Services Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 2000, National Center for Health Statistics: Hyattsville, MD.
14. 11 International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification, 6th edition. U.S. Department of Health and Humans Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Health Care Financing Administration. .
15. Gregg EW, Gu Q, Cheng YJ, Narayan KV, Cowie CC. Mortality trends in men and women with diabetes, 1971 to 2000. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2007 Aug 7;147(3):149-55.
16. Braunwald E, Antman EM, Beasley JW, Califf RM, Cheitlin MD, Hochman JS, Jones RH, Kereiakes D, Kupersmith J, Levin TN, Pepine CJ. ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for the management of patients with unstable angina and non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction—summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina). Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2002 Oct 2;40(7):1366-74.
17. Pollack CV, Antman EM, Hollander JE. 2007 focused update to the ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: implications for emergency department practice. Annals of emergency medicine. 2008 Oct 31;52(4):344-55.
18. Kostis WJ, Demissie K, Marcella SW, Shao YH, Wilson AC, Moreyra AE. Weekend versus weekday admission and mortality from myocardial infarction. New England Journal of Medicine. 2007 Mar 15;356(11):1099-109.
19. Kostis JB, Wilson AC, Lacy CR, Cosgrove NM, Ranjan R, Lawrence-Nelson J. Time trends in the occurrence and outcome of acute myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease death between 1986 and 1996 (a New Jersey statewide study). The American journal of cardiology. 2001 Oct 15;88(8):837-41.
20. Kostis JB, Wilson AC, O'Dowd K, Gregory P, Chelton S, Cosgrove NM, Chirala A, Cui T. Sex differences in the management and long-term outcome of acute myocardial infarction. A statewide study. MIDAS Study Group. Myocardial Infarction Data Acquisition System. Circulation. 1994 Oct 1;90(4):1715-30.
21. Edlavitch SA, Crow R, Burke GL, Baxter J. Secular trends in Q wave and non-Q wave acute myocardial infarction. The Minnesota Heart Survey. Circulation. 1991 Feb 1;83(2):492-503.
22. Goldberg RJ, Gore JM, Alpert JS, Dalen JE. Non-Q wave myocardial infarction: recent changes in occurrence and prognosis—a community-wide perspective. American heart journal. 1987 Feb 28;113(2):273-9.
23. Goodman SG, Langer A, Ross AM, Wildermann NM, Barbagelata A, Sgarbossa EB, Wagner GS, Granger CB, Califf RM, Topol EJ, Simoons ML. Non–Q-Wave Versus Q-Wave Myocardial Infarction After Thrombolytic Therapy Angiographic and Prognostic Insights From the Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries–I Angiographic Substudy. Circulation. 1998 Feb 10;97(5):444-50.
24. Rogers WJ, Frederick PD, Stoehr E, Canto JG, Ornato JP, Gibson CM, Pollack CV, Gore JM, Chandra-Strobos N, Peterson ED, French WJ. Trends in presenting characteristics and hospital mortality among patients with ST elevation and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction from 1990 to 2006. American heart journal. 2008 Dec 31;156(6):1026-34.
25. Naghavi M, Libby P, Falk E, Casscells SW, Litovsky S, Rumberger J, Badimon JJ, Stefanadis C, Moreno P, Pasterkamp G, Fayad Z. From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient a call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: Part II. Circulation. 2003 Oct 14;108(15):1772-8.
26. Naghavi M, Libby P, Falk E, Casscells SW, Litovsky S, Rumberger J, Badimon JJ, Stefanadis C, Moreno P, Pasterkamp G, Fayad Z. From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient a call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: part I. Circulation. 2003 Oct 7;108(14):1664-72.
27. Virmani R, Kolodgie FD, Burke AP, Farb A, Schwartz SM. Lessons from sudden coronary death a comprehensive morphological classification scheme for atherosclerotic lesions. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. 2000 May 1;20(5):1262-75.
28. Toschi V, Gallo R, Lettino M, Fallon JT, Gertz SD, Ferna A, Chesebro JH, Badimon L, Nemerson Y, Fuster V, Badimon JJ. Tissue factor modulates the thrombogenicity of human atherosclerotic plaques. Circulation. 1997 Feb 4;95(3):594-9.
29. Vaughan DE. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and the calculus of mortality after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2003 Jul 29;108(4):376-7.
30. Apple FS, Wu AH. Myocardial infarction redefined: role of cardiac troponin testing. Clinical Chemistry. 2001 Mar 1;47(3):377-9.
31. Cina VG, Gök K, Kaptanoǧlu B. The prognostic value of serum troponin T in unstable angina. International journal of cardiology. 1996 Mar 31;53(3):237-44.
32. Jaffe AS, Ravkilde J, Roberts R, Naslund U, Apple FS, Galvani M, Katus H. It’s time for a change to a troponin standard. Circulation. 2000 Sep 12;102(11):1216-20.
33. Polanczyk CA, Lee TH, Cook EF, Walls R, Wybenga D, Printy-Klein G, Ludwig L, Guldbrandsen G, Johnson PA. Cardiac troponin I as a predictor of major cardiac events in emergency department patients with acute chest pain. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 1998 Jul 1;32(1):8-14.
34. Antman EM, Grudzien C, Sacks DB. Evaluation of a rapid bedside assay for detection of serum cardiac troponin T. Jama. 1995 Apr 26;273(16):1279-82.
35. Mukamal KJ, Mittleman MA, Maclure M, Sherwood JB, Goldberg RJ, Muller JE. Recent aspirin use is associated with smaller myocardial infarct size and lower likelihood of Q-wave infarction. American heart journal. 1999 Jun 30;137(6):1120-8.
36. Goldberg RJ, Spencer FA, Okolo J, Lessard D, Yarzebski J, Gore JM. Long-term trends in the use of coronary reperfusion strategies in acute myocardial infarction: a community-wide perspective. Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis. 2007 Jun 1;23(3):163-71.
37. Nallamothu BK, Young J, Gurm HS, Pickens G, Safavi K. Recent trends in hospital utilization for acute myocardial infarction and coronary revascularization in the United States. The American journal of cardiology. 2007 Mar 15;99(6):749-53.
38. Peterson ED, Shah BR, Parsons L, Pollack CV, French WJ, Canto JG, Gibson CM, Rogers WJ, NRMI Investigators. Trends in quality of care for patients with acute myocardial infarction in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction from 1990 to 2006. American heart journal. 2008 Dec 31;156(6):1045-55.
39. Go AS, Iribarren C, Chandra M, Lathon PV, Fortmann SP, Quertermous T, Hlatky MA. Statin and β-blocker therapy and the initial presentation of coronary heart disease. Annals of internal medicine. 2006 Feb 21;144(4):229-38.
40. Avezum A, Makdisse M, Spencer F, Gore JM, Fox KA, Montalescot G, Eagle KA, White K, Mehta RH, Knobel E, Collet JP. Impact of age on management and outcome of acute coronary syndrome: observations from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE). American heart journal. 2005 Jan 31;149(1):67-73.
41. Mokdad AH, Bowman BA, Ford ES, Vinicor F, Marks JS, Koplan JP. The continuing epidemics of obesity and diabetes in the United States. Jama. 2001 Sep 12;286(10):1195-200.
42. Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, Dans T, Avezum A, Lanas F, McQueen M, Budaj A, Pais P, Varigos J, Lisheng L. Investigators IS. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004;364(9438):937-52.
43. Mehta RH, Roe MT, Chen AY, Lytle BL, Pollack CV, Brindis RG, Smith SC, Harrington RA, Fintel D, Fraulo ES, Califf RM. Recent trends in the care of patients with non–ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: insights from the CRUSADE initiative. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2006 Oct 9;166(18):2027-34.
44. Margolis JR, Kannel WB, Feinleib M, Dawber TR, McNamara PM. Clinical features of unrecognized myocardial infarction—silent and symptomatic: eighteen year follow-up: the Framingham study. The American journal of cardiology. 1973 Jul 31;32(1):1-7.
45. Kwong RY, Sattar H, Wu H, Vorobiof G, Gandla V, Steel K, Siu S, Brown KA. Incidence and prognostic implication of unrecognized myocardial scar characterized by cardiac magnetic resonance in diabetic patients without clinical evidence of myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2008 Sep 2;118(10):1011-20.
46. Day JC. Population projections of the United States, by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin: 1992 to 2050. US Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, Bureau of the Census; 1992.
CITATION
DOI: 10.17511/ijphr.2016.i5.04
Published: 2019-10-31
How to Cite
Nath Ponna, S., Rao Pothula, N., & Prasad Upadrasta, V. (2019). Secular trends of hospitalization and in-hospital mortality rates of Q-wave and Non-Q-wave myocardial infarction in US: 1990-2006. Public Health Review: International Journal of Public Health Research, 3(5), 200-209. https://doi.org/10.17511/ijphr.2016.i5.04
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Original Article
Copyright (c) 2016 Author (s). Published by Siddharth Health Research and Social Welfare Society
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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